Trucks laden with essential aid for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip made their inaugural journey across a newly constructed U.S. floating pier into the blockaded area on Friday, encountering Israeli border restrictions and ongoing combat that hampers the delivery of vital supplies to the region.
This shipment marks the beginning of an operation forecasted by American military authorities to potentially scale up to 150 truckloads daily entering the Gaza Strip, amid Israel's intensified focus on the southern city of Rafah during its seven-month offensive against Palestinians.
However, both the U.S. and humanitarian organizations caution that the floating pier initiative does not serve as a replacement for land-based deliveries, which could ensure the comprehensive supply of food, water and fuel to Gaza.
The operation's success also remains tenuous due to logistical hurdles and a growing shortage of fuel for the trucks to run, attributed to the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip since Hamas' Oct. 7 incursion on Israel, which resulted in 1,200 casualties and 250 hostages.
Israel's bombardments since then have killed more than 35,000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, according to local health officials, while hundreds more have been killed in the occupied West Bank.
The U.S. military acknowledged the aid movement in a statement Friday.
Troops finished installing the floating pier on Thursday.
Hours later, the Pentagon said that humanitarian aid would soon begin flowing and that no backups were expected in the distribution process, which is being coordinated by the United Nations.
The U.N., however, said fuel deliveries brought through land routes have all but stopped and this will make it extremely difficult to bring the aid to Gaza’s people.
"We desperately need fuel," U.N. deputy spokesperson Farhan Haq said. "It doesn’t matter how the aid comes, whether it’s by sea or whether by land, without fuel, aid won’t get to the people."
Pentagon spokesperson Sabrina Singh said the issue of fuel deliveries comes up in all U.S. conversations with the Israelis. She also said the plan is to begin slowly with the sea route and ramp up the truck deliveries over time as they work the kinks out of the system.
Aid agencies say they are running out of food in southern Gaza and fuel is dwindling, while the U.S. Agency for International Development and the World Food Program say famine has taken hold in Gaza’s north.
Israel asserts it places no limits on the entry of humanitarian aid and blames the U.N. for delays in distributing goods entering Gaza.
The U.N. says fighting, Israeli fire and chaotic security conditions have hindered delivery.
Under pressure from the U.S., Israel has in recent weeks opened a pair of crossings to deliver aid into hard-hit northern Gaza and said that a series of Hamas attacks on the main crossing, Kerem Shalom, have disrupted the flow of goods.
There have also been violent protests by Israelis disrupting aid shipments.
Israel recently seized the key Rafah border crossing in its push against Hamas around that city on the Egyptian border, raising fears about civilians' safety while also cutting off the main entry for aid into the Gaza Strip.
U.S. President Joe Biden ordered the pier project, expected to cost $320 million.
The boatloads of aid will be deposited at a port facility built by the Israelis just southwest of Gaza City and then distributed by aid groups.
U.S. officials said the initial shipment totaled as much as 500 tons of aid.
The U.S. has closely coordinated with Israel on how to protect the ships and personnel working on the beach.
But there are still questions on how aid groups will safely operate in Gaza to distribute food, said Sonali Korde, assistant to the administrator of USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, which is helping with logistics.
"There is a very insecure operating environment" and aid groups are still struggling to get clearance for their planned movements in Gaza, Korde said.
The fear follows an Israeli strike last month that killed seven relief workers from World Central Kitchen (WCK), whose trip had been coordinated with Israeli officials and the deaths of other aid personnel during the war.
Pentagon officials have made it clear that security conditions will be monitored closely and could prompt a shutdown of the maritime route, even just temporarily.
Navy Vice Adm. Brad Cooper, a deputy commander at the U.S. military’s Central Command, told reporters Thursday that "we are confident in the ability of this security arrangement to protect those involved."
Already, the site has been targeted by mortar fire during its construction, and Hamas has threatened to target any foreign forces who "occupy" the Gaza Strip.
Biden has made it clear that there will be no U.S. forces on the ground in Gaza, so third-country contractors will drive the trucks onto the shore.
Cooper said, "The United Nations will receive the aid and coordinate its distribution into Gaza."
The World Food Programme will be the U.N. agency handling the aid, officials said.
Israeli forces are in charge of security on shore, but there are also two U.S. Navy warships nearby that can protect U.S. troops and others.