Thousands of supporters of an Iraqi alliance of armed groups Saturday marked the upcoming second anniversary of a U.S. drone strike that killed a revered Iranian commander and his Iraqi lieutenant.
Chanting "Death to America," the Hashed al-Shaabi loyalists filled a Baghdad square to honor Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, who headed the Quds Force, the foreign operations arm of Iran's Revolutionary Guards, until his death on January 3, 2020.
The night-time drone strike near Baghdad airport sent shock waves across the region and sparked fears that decades of arch enmity between Washington and regional Shiite power Tehran would escalate into direct military confrontation.
"U.S. terrorism has to end," read one sign at the rally by backers of the pro-Iranian Hashed, a Shiite former paramilitary alliance that has been integrated into Iraq's state security apparatus.
The strike against Soleimani, the architect of Iran's Middle Eastern military strategy, was ordered by then U.S. President Donald Trump, and it also killed his Iraqi lieutenant Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the Hashed's deputy chief.
Hashed supporters, some with their children, marched into a square in central Baghdad that was closed off to traffic, an Agence France-Presse (AFP) correspondent said.
Some unfurled huge white flags emblazoned with the Hashed insignia, as well as Iraq's national flag, while others held pictures of Soleimani and Muhandis.
The U.S. said at the time that Soleimani was planning imminent action against U.S. personnel in Iraq, a country long torn between the competing demands of its principal allies Washington and Tehran, and the assassination came after a wave of attacks on U.S. interests in the country.
Iran, which wields considerable cross-border influence, warned it would avenge Soleimani's death.
Five days after his killing, it fired missiles at an air base in Iraq housing U.S. troops and another near Irbil in the country's north.
Since then dozens of rockets and roadside bombs have targeted U.S. security, military and diplomatic sites across Iraq.
Iraqi and Western officials have blamed hard-line pro-Iran factions for the attacks, which have never been claimed by any group.
In February last year, the U.S. carried out an airstrike against Kataeb Hezbollah, an Iranian-backed Iraqi paramilitary force stationed along the Iraqi-Syrian border, following rocket attacks on its Baghdad embassy and a U.S. military contracting firm north of the capital.
Senior Hashed official Faleh al-Fayyad reiterated the demand that the U.S. complete its withdrawal Saturday, saying the killing of Soleimani and Muhandis was "a crime against Iraqi sovereignty."
In December, Iraq announced the end of the U.S.-led coalition's "combat mission" in the country.
But about 2,500 American soldiers and 1,000 coalition troops are to remain deployed in Iraq to offer training, advice and assistance to national forces.
The Hashed's political wing, the Fatah (Conquest) Alliance, performed very strongly in the 2018 legislative elections, thanks to the paramilitaries' key role in defeating Daesh.
While Fatah remains a significant political player, it lost almost two thirds of its seats in legislative polls in October, driven by concerns even among Shiite voters over outsized Iranian influence.
As part of the anniversary commemorations, a candle-lit vigil is set to take place on Sunday evening at Baghdad airport.
In Iran, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and senior Guards figures met with Soleimani's family on Saturday, ahead of the main commemorations there on Monday.
