The Israeli military announced on Friday the dismissal of two officers and the reprimand of three others for their involvement in drone strikes in Gaza that resulted in the deaths of seven aid workers.
The army stated that the officers mishandled critical information and violated rules of engagement.
The investigation's findings, conducted by a retired general, are seen as an embarrassing admission by Israel, which is facing increasing criticism from key allies, including the U.S., for not adequately protecting Gaza's civilians during its conflict with Hamas.
These findings are likely to raise doubts about the Israeli military's decision-making process, with Palestinians, aid groups and human rights organizations accusing Israeli forces of indiscriminately targeting civilians throughout the conflict, a charge Israel denies.
"It’s a tragedy,” the military’s spokesperson, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, told reporters. "It’s a serious event that we are responsible for and it shouldn’t have happened and we will make sure that it won’t happen again.”
With pressure mounting on Israel to hold itself accountable, Hagari and other officials late Thursday shared with reporters the results of the investigation.
The speed of the probe and the swift punishment of five senior officers were extremely unusual.
Investigations into suspected wrongdoing by soldiers and officers are often slow and in most cases, end without charges being filed.
Human rights activists have long complained that Israeli forces operate in a climate of impunity, an allegation the military rejects.
Still, it was unclear whether the punishments and the apology would calm an international outcry over the deaths of the World Central Kitchen workers or reassure international aid groups that it was safe to resume operations in Gaza, where nearly a third of the population is on the brink of starvation.
The food charity called the investigation and disciplinary actions "important steps forward" but noted the probe itself found that the army didn't follow its own protocols.
"Without systemic change, there will be more military failures, more apologies and more grieving families,” the statement read, repeating a call for an independent investigation.
According to what spokespeople said were the Israeli army's rules, targets must be visually identified as threats for multiple reasons before they can be hit.
But the investigation determined that a colonel had authorized the series of deadly drone strikes on the convoy based on one major's observation –from grainy drone camera footage – that someone in the convoy was armed.
That observation turned out to be untrue, military officials said.
The army said the colonel and the major were dismissed, while three other officers were reprimanded, the most senior of whom was the head of the Southern Command.
It said the results of its investigation were turned over to the military’s advocate general, who will decide whether the officers or anyone else involved in the killings should receive further punishment or be prosecuted.
"The strike on the aid vehicles is a grave mistake stemming from a serious failure due to a mistaken identification, errors in decision-making and an attack contrary to the Standard Operating Procedures,” the army said in a statement when it released the findings.
The killings were condemned by Israel’s closest allies and renewed criticism of Israel’s conduct in the nearly six months of bombardments on Gaza.
Those killed were three British citizens, a Polish citizen, an Australian, a Canadian American dual citizen and a Palestinian, all of whom worked for World Central Kitchen, the international charity founded by celebrity chef Jose Andres.
The investigation found two major areas of wrongdoing.
It faulted officers for failing to read messages alerting troops that cars, not aid trucks, would carry workers from the charity away from the warehouse where aid was distributed.
As a result, the cars that were targeted were misidentified as transporting Hamas members.
The army also faulted a major who identified the strike target and a colonel who approved the strike for acting with insufficient information.
The army said the order was given after one of the passengers inside a car was identified as a "gunman."
It said troops became suspicious because a "gunman" had been seen on the roof of one of the delivery trucks on the way to the warehouse.
The army showed reporters footage of the "gunman" firing his weapon while riding atop one of the trucks – video that The Associated Press (AP) could not independently verify.
After the aid was dropped off at a warehouse, an officer believed he had spotted a "gunman" in one of the cars.
The passenger, it turned out, was not carrying a weapon – the military said it was possible he was just carrying a bag.
The army said it initially hit one car. As people scrambled away into a second car, it hit that vehicle as well.
It did the same thing when survivors scrambled into a third car.
Army officials claimed that drone operators could not see that the cars were marked with the words "World Central Kitchen” because it was nighttime.
The army could not say exactly where the communication about the convoy's plans had broken down.
The army declined to answer questions about whether similar violations of rules of engagement have taken place during the war – in which Palestinians, aid workers and international rights groups have repeatedly accused the army of recklessly striking civilians.
The investigation was headed by Yoav Har-Even, a retired general.
The seven who were killed were distributing food that had been brought into Gaza through a newly established maritime corridor.
World Central Kitchen said it had coordinated its movements with the military and that the vehicles were marked with the organization’s logo.
"It was a direct attack on clearly marked vehicles whose movements were known by” the Israeli military, Andres said on Wednesday.
More than 220 humanitarian workers have been killed in the conflict, according to the U.N.
"Let’s be very clear. This is tragic, but it is not an anomaly,” Scott Paul, of the humanitarian group Oxfam, said Thursday in a briefing with other relief organizations before the results of Israel’s investigation were released. "The killing of aid workers in Gaza has been systemic.”
