The United States has issued some of its starkest and most detailed warnings about how a Russian invasion of Ukraine might unfold, and its Western allies are on high alert for any attempts by the Kremlin to create a false pretext for a new war in Europe.

U.S. President Joe Biden sounded assured on Thursday as he warned that Washington saw no signs of a promised Russian withdrawal but instead saw more troops moving toward the border with Ukraine, indicating Moscow could invade within days.

"Every indication we have is they’re prepared to go into Ukraine, attack Ukraine," Biden told reporters at the White House. He said the U.S. has "reason to believe" that Russia is "engaged in a false flag operation to have an excuse to go in," but he did not provide details.

Western fears focus on an estimated 150,000 Russian troops – including about 60% of Russia’s overall ground forces – are posted around Ukraine’s borders. The Kremlin insists it has no plans to invade, but it has long considered Ukraine part of its sphere of influence and NATO's eastward expansion an existential threat. A key demand in this crisis is that NATO promise never to allow Ukraine to join.

Biden planned to speak over phone Friday with trans-Atlantic leaders about the Russian military buildup and continued efforts at deterrence and diplomacy.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken revealed some conclusions of U.S. intelligence, part of a strategy designed to expose and pre-empt any invasion planning. The U.S. has declined to reveal much of the evidence underlying its claims.

Blinken told diplomats at the United Nations Security Council that a sudden, seemingly violent event staged by Russia to justify an invasion would kick off the assault. According to The Associated Press (AP) Blinken mentioned a "so-called terrorist bombing" inside Russia, a staged drone strike, "a fake, even a real attack ... using chemical weapons."

The invasion would open with cyberattacks, along with missile strikes and bombs across Ukraine, he said. Blinken described the entry of Russian troops, advancing on Kyiv, a city of nearly 3 million, and other key targets.

By Thursday evening, U.S. and European officials were on high alert for any Russian attempts to create a pretext for invasion, according to a Western official familiar with intelligence findings. Ukrainian government officials shared intelligence with allies that suggested the Russians might try to shell the Luhansk area in the disputed Donbas region on Friday morning as part of an effort to create a false reason to take military action, according to the official who was not authorized to comment publicly.

Violence spiked in a long-running standoff in that area on Thursday, fueling worries it could provide the spark for a wider conflict. The region already has been the site of fighting since 2014 that has killed 14,000.

Separatist authorities in the Luhansk region reported an increase in Ukrainian government shelling along the tense line of contact. Separatist official Rodion Miroshnik said rebel forces returned fire.

Ukraine disputed the claim, saying separatists had shelled its forces but they didn’t fire back. The Ukrainian military command said shells hit a kindergarten in Stanytsia Luhanska, wounding two teachers, and cut power to half the town.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy tweeted that the kindergarten shelling "by pro-Russian forces is a big provocation."

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov countered with the same: "We have repeatedly warned that the excessive concentration of Ukrainian armed forces in the immediate vicinity of the line of demarcation, coupled with possible provocations, could pose a terrible danger."

On Friday, the Ukrainian military said it has recorded 60 cease-fire violations by pro-Russian separatists over the past 24 hours, with one soldier injured. In a report, the military said separatists opened fire on more than 10 settlements, using heavy artillery, mortars and a tank.

Western powers scrambled to avert, or prepare for, eventual invasion.

NATO's defense ministers discussed ways to bolster defenses in Eastern Europe, while European Union leaders huddled over how to punish Russia if it invades. Blinken and Vice President Kamala Harris are among political, military and diplomatic leaders heading to an annual security conference in Munich that will see urgent consultations on the crisis. Blinken also plans to meet his Russian counterpart next week.

China, a key Russian ally, accused Washington of "playing up and sensationalizing the crisis and escalating tensions." Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said the U.S. should "take seriously and address Russia’s legitimate and reasonable concerns on security assurance."

At NATO headquarters in Brussels, U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin questioned the Russian troop pullout claims.

"We’ve seen some of those troops inch closer to that border. We see them fly in more combat and support aircraft," he said. "We see them sharpen their readiness in the Black Sea. We even see them stocking up their blood supplies. You don’t do these sort of things for no reason, and you certainly don’t do them if you’re getting ready to pack up and go home."

British Defense Secretary Ben Wallace said the West has seen "an increase of troops over the last 48 hours, up to 7,000." That squared with what a U.S. administration official said a day earlier.

Russia says the pullout, announced earlier this week, will take time. Russia also made a new diplomatic overture Thursday, handing the U.S. response to offers to engage in talks on limiting missile deployments in Europe, restrictions on military drills and other confidence-building measures.

The response, released by the Foreign Ministry, deplored the West’s refusal to meet the main Russian security demands and reaffirmed that Moscow could take unspecified "military-technical measures" if the U.S. and its allies continue to stonewall its concerns.

At the same time, it said Russia was ready to discuss limits on missile deployments, restrictions on patrol flights by strategic bombers and other steps.

Munich Security Conference

Meanwhile, the German city of Munich became the center of efforts by Western powers to coordinate their strategy in the Ukraine crisis on Friday, as world leaders came together for the three-day Munich Security Conference (MSC).

Apart from speeches by Harris, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and other leaders, the high-profile forum will also see a number of meetings on the sidelines to discuss the tensions on the Ukrainian borders. Harris – in a rare appearance at a major international event – is set to meet NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg on Friday, as well as hold talks with Baltic leaders, Zelenskyy and Scholz during her visit.

The foreign ministers of the G-7 group of nations will meet on the sidelines of the conference on Saturday, including Blinken. Germany currently holds the chair of the group. Johnson is also set to attend on Saturday, joined by his foreign and defense ministers.

Russia is not sending any official delegates to the Munich gathering for the first time in several years, something the chairman of the conference, veteran diplomat Wolfgang Ischinger, said he deeply regretted, as the Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa) reported.

Although it would have "limited enjoyment value" for a Russian representative, Ischinger told broadcaster ARD, the no-show meant that Russia would not be able to respond to what would be the central question of the conference: "What does it actually take for the Russian side to finally give up this threat scenario along the Ukrainian border and return to the diplomatic negotiating table?"