British Parliament's unelected upper house voted Monday to delay the ratification of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak's controversial plan to deport asylum-seekers to Rwanda.
The move is a blow for Sunak, who had urged the House of Lords to pass the plan, saying it was the will of the people.
A majority of peers – 214 against 171 – voted to delay ratification of the treaty that London signed with Kigali until the British government demonstrated that Rwanda was a safe country for migrants who would be deported there.
The treaty is central to the Conservative government's policy to combat illegal immigration by deporting asylum-seekers to the East African country.
Sunak, an internal Tory appointment as prime minister after Liz Truss's short-lived tenure ended in disaster in October 2022, is under pressure to deliver on what he has made a flagship policy.
The prime minister survived a key test of his leadership last week by fending off right-wing rebels in his Conservative party to win a knife-edge parliamentary vote in the lower House of Commons on the so-called Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill.
He has staked his political future on the scheme, promising to "stop the boats" of migrants crossing the Channel from northern France.
The bill is Sunak's answer to a U.K. Supreme Court ruling late last year that deporting asylum-seekers to Kigali is illegal under international law.
If passed, the legislation would compel judges to treat Rwanda as a safe third country.
It would also give U.K. ministers powers to disregard sections of international and British human rights legislation.
But critics dismiss it as an expensive gimmick that will not work, accusing the government of not doing enough to clear asylum backlogs.
Peers in the House of Lords, which include former senior judges, have expressed deep unease about the plan, particularly its calls to ignore international human rights and refugee law.
Unlike elected members of the House of Commons, the Lords do not have the power to block ratification of the treaty, which is central to the legislation. But the vote, to which the government will have to respond, suggests new difficulties for the controversial bill.
The bill itself, which defines Rwanda as a safe third country and prevents the return of migrants to their country of origin, is due to be debated in the upper house next week.
Sunak has vowed to cut regular and irregular immigration that has reached record levels despite promises to tighten U.K. borders after the country's departure from the European Union.
The issue – and his proposed solution, which was not Tory policy at the last election in 2019 – is likely to dominate the next nationwide vote later this year, which the opposition Labour Party is tipped to win.