The United Kingdom has announced it would boost military spending by 5 billion pounds ($6 billion) to tackle Russia and China, while also silencing critics at home.
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said the additional budget will be used to replenish ammunition stocks and fund the next phase of a submarine pact with the United States and Australia in an update to Britain's foreign policy framework.
With his government unveiling the update to Britain's national security and international policy, Sunak, on a visit to the U.S., will also set out an "ambition" to increase defense spending to 2.5% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the longer term.
Sunak hailed the move as a way "to ensure we are never again vulnerable to the actions of a hostile power," but his offer of 5 billion pounds is less than half of what some in his governing Conservative Party say is needed to be able to support Ukraine against Russia, while not leaving Britain vulnerable.
He said his previous increases in defense spending showed he was a man of his word, and described the new commitments as a "strong and positive statement".
"As the world becomes more volatile and competition between the states becomes more intense, the UK must be ready to stand our ground," he said in a statement.
"We will fortify our national defenses, from economic security to technology supply chains and intelligence expertise, to ensure we are never again vulnerable to the actions of a hostile power."
The Ministry of Defence said minister Ben Wallace was "delighted" with the settlement, especially in the tough economic times, and said it would maintain the upward trajectory after the government invested heavily in recent years.
The unveiling of the updated Integrated Review has been choreographed to coincide with Sunak's visit to San Diego to agree on the next steps in a landmark defense agreement, AUKUS, with the United States and Australia.
Countering China
Meeting U.S. President Joe Biden and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Sunak will want to underline that the increase in spending will only bolster the AUKUS pact.
Some of the new spending will go toward programs that will help Australia build nuclear-powered submarines for the first time, part of efforts to counter China in the Indo-Pacific.
"As I will discuss with our American and Australian allies in the U.S. today, the U.K. will remain a leading contributor to NATO and a reliable international partner, standing up for our values from Ukraine to the South China Sea," he said in the statement.
But Sunak is under pressure at home to offer more help to the Defence Ministry to combat the impact of inflation and spur production of ammunition and other military hardware to replace weapons sent to Ukraine to help Kyiv push back Russian forces.
Britain and other Western countries have scaled up their pledges of military aid for Ukraine this year, with promises of tanks and armored vehicles, as well as longer-range weapons.
London has also offered to train Ukrainian soldiers on warplanes rather than delivering fighter jets as yet.
While Sunak's foreign minister, James Cleverly, is due to unveil the updated strategy, the British leader will hope to set the tone in San Diego, saying the "refresh" will set out how Britain has adapted its approach on China.
When the Integrated Review was published in 2021, it described China as a "systemic competitor" – a term some in Sunak's party says was mealy-mouthed and should be toughened to call Beijing a "threat."
Sunak said Sunday that China presented an "epoch-defining challenge" to the global order but it would not be a "smart or sophisticated foreign policy to reduce" the relationship with Beijing to just two words, such as labeling it "a threat".
Instead, Britain will seek to engage China and be robust in defending the things it cares about, he said.
Officials say the document would most probably mention Taiwan for the first time. The island, increasingly concerned about the threat from China, was left out of the earlier document which was published in 2021.