As the battle-ready Russian troops stand at their border, Ukrainian National Guard troops on Friday staged urban combat exercises in the ghost town of Pripyat. Machine gunfire echoed through the abandoned buildings in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
The live-fire training – carried out in one of the most radioactive places on earth – came as warnings swirl over a potential Russian invasion.
Moscow has massed over 100,000 troops along Ukraine's border – including deploying personnel to Belarus, which lies just 10 kilometers (6 miles) to the north for joint drills.
For Ukraine's forces, the deserted streets and apartment blocks of Pripyat – empty since residents were evacuated following the nuclear reactor disaster in 1986 – made an ideal training ground.
Troops in winter camouflage practiced clearing armed attackers from buildings, targeted mortar fire and took on snipers in urban conditions.
Emergency service workers staged evacuations – a speaker on a drone telling residents to clear out – and fought fires caused by fighting.
"As there are no civilians around here we can conduct exercises with real ammunition in a situation as close to actual urban warfare as possible," said one National Guard service official, giving only his call sign Litva.
But conducting exercises inside the exclusion zone has its own risks.
Ahead of the training – the first of its kind staged in Pripyat – workers with Geiger counters had to scan the route to check there were no radioactive hot spots.
"It has all been checked and it doesn't present a danger," Litva said confidently, as he clutched his automatic rifle to his chest.
Some Western leaders insist the threat from Russia's massed forces is real and urgent – but authorities in Kyiv have cautioned against stirring "panic."
Ukraine's Defense Minister Oleksiy Reznikov played down the likelihood of an incursion by Russian forces sent to Belarus for joint drills.
While the United States has said that their number could reach 30,000 – Reznikov insisted that the "several thousand" Russians currently across the Belarusian frontier were not enough to attack.
He also pointed to difficult terrain as a major obstacle – and the threat from radiation if they tried to push through the exclusion zone toward the capital Kyiv.
"This area is very hard to get through – forests, swamp, rivers – it's complicated enough to move by foot let alone with a tank," Reznikov told journalists, who had been ferried into the exclusion zone on a press tour to see the exercises.
"And don't forget that still since the disaster there remains some highly radioactive areas on the route from Belarus."
Ukraine's Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskiy said that due to the spike in tensions, security had been stepped up around all nuclear reactors – including the Chernobyl site, now covered by a mammoth protective sarcophagus.
"We're absolutely sure that the nuclear plant in Chernobyl is not under threat," Monastyrskiy said.
But the National Guard troops in Pripyat were not training to counter a full-scale Russian invasion.
They were instead preparing for the threat from ununiformed infiltrators who might seize buildings and stir unrest across the country.
That was what happened when Russia seized the Crimean peninsula in 2014 and began fuelling a separatist conflict in the east of Ukraine.
Ukraine's authorities insist that type of internal destabilization remains their biggest worry.
"We have to show our readiness to react to all events," said Monastyrskiy
