Australia will hold a national referendum next year to decide constitution changes in favor of its long-suffering Indigenous population, the government said Wednesday.
The proposed "Voice to Parliament" aims to give Indigenous Australians a greater say in national policymaking, as they battle poorer health, lower incomes and higher barriers to education.
Indigenous Australians are not currently mentioned in the country's constitution – adopted in 1901 – and any move to change that is politically contentious.
Australia's center-left government was elected in May and had promised to hold a referendum on the issue – but until now has shied away from setting a date.
Speaking at a folk festival in the state of Queensland later Wednesday, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese will say the vote will be held "next year," according to prepared remarks released by his government.
"I also want to reaffirm, proudly and clearly, my government's determination to enshrine in the Australian constitution an Indigenous Voice to Parliament," he will say.
The Voice to Parliament would establish a constitutionally-recognized body – or voice – responsible for advising the government on issues impacting Indigenous Australians.
Albanese argues the constitutional change would help Australia "come together as a nation and take the hand that First Nations people have extended to us."
Advocacy group Reconciliation Australia said putting it in the constitution would mean it cannot be "shut down" if a different government had a change of heart in the future.
"Embedding a Voice in the constitution would recognize the special place of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia's history," the group has said.
Of Australia's 25 million residents, about 900,000 identify as Indigenous.
Widespread discrimination
The conservative Nationals party, a minor political player, has already announced it will campaign against the Voice.
The center-right Liberal party, Australia's main opposition, has yet to take a position.
Critics have called the Voice "another layer of bureaucratic red tape" and have questioned whether it will make any difference in remote Indigenous communities.
Indigenous Australians settled the country an estimated 65,000 years ago, according to the national museum, but have suffered widespread discrimination and oppression since the arrival of British settlers in the late 18th Century.
They were still banned from voting in some Australian states and territories until the 1960s.
The inequalities facing the Indigenous population remain stark – they have life expectancies years shorter than other Australians and are far more likely to die in police custody.
Indigenous Australians make up some 2% of the total population but, according to the Australian Law Reform Commission, constitute 27% of the prison population.
There are strong international precedents behind the Voice proposal – both Canada and Norway amended their constitutions in the 1980s to better recognize indigenous residents.