As a presidential candidate, Joe Biden promised to make a pariah out of Saudi Arabia over the 2018 killing of dissident Saudi writer Jamal Khashoggi. But when it came time to actually punishing Saudi Arabia’s crown prince, America’s strategic interests prevailed.
The Biden administration made it clear Friday it would forgo sanctions or any other major penalty against Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) in the Khashoggi killing, even after a U.S. intelligence report concluded that the prince had ordered it.
The decision highlights how the real-time decisions of diplomacy often collide with the righteousness of the moral high ground. And nowhere is this conundrum starker than in the United States’ complicated relationship with Saudi Arabia – the world’s oil giant, a U.S. arms customer and a counterbalance to Iran in the Middle East.
“It is undeniable that Saudi Arabia is a hugely influential country in the Arab world,” State Department spokesperson Ned Price said Monday when asked about Biden’s retreat from his promise to isolate the Saudis over the killing.
Ultimately, Biden administration officials said U.S. interests in maintaining relations with Saudi Arabia forbid making a pariah of a young prince who may go on to rule the kingdom for decades. That stands in stark contrast to Biden’s campaign promise to make the kingdom “pay the price” for human rights abuses and “make them in fact the pariah that they are.”
“We’ve talked about this in terms of a recalibration. It’s not a rupture,” Price said of the U.S.-Saudi relationship.
But what the Biden administration is calling a “recalibration” of former President Donald Trump’s warm relationship with Saudi royals looks a lot like the normal U.S. stand before Trump: chiding on human rights abuses in the kingdom but not allowing those concerns to interfere with relations with Saudi Arabia.
In recent days, Biden officials have responded to intense criticism of its failure to sanction the prince by pointing to U.S. measures targeting his lower-ranking associates.
Those include steps against the prince’s “Tiger squad” that allegedly has sought out dissidents abroad and sanctions and visa restrictions upon Saudi officials who directly participated in Khashoggi’s slaying and dismemberment.
The language itself has softened, with Biden officials referring to Saudi Arabia as a strategic partner rather than a pariah.
Watching it all, Trump suggested over the weekend that Biden’s stand on Saudi Arabia’s prince wasn’t so different from his after all. Khashoggi’s killing by MBS’s security and intelligence officials was bad, Trump told Fox News, “but we have to look at it as an overall” situation. Biden seems to be “viewing it may be in a similar fashion, very interesting, actually.”
MBS, 35, has consolidated power in Saudi Arabia since his father King Salman, now 85 and ailing, became the kingdom's ruler in 2015. The prince soon after launched a Saudi-led war in neighboring Yemen that has deepened hunger and poverty in that country, opened a recently ended economic blockade of Qatar and invited the leader of another Arab country, Lebanon, for a visit and without warning, detained him.
The crown prince has silenced civil society at home, imprisoning writers, clerics, businesspeople and women’s rights advocates, detaining and allegedly torturing fellow royals, and allegedly forming a squad charged with luring or abducting exiles back to the kingdom to face further punishment.
Khashoggi had fled Saudi Arabia and was deepening his criticism of the prince in columns written for The Washington Post. When Khashoggi scheduled an Oct. 2, 2018, appointment at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul to pick up paperwork needed for his wedding, Saudi security and intelligence officials were waiting for him there. So was Saudi security’s forensics chief, known for his techniques for rapid dissections. Khashoggi’s remains have never been found.
Senate Intelligence Chairperson Mark Warner, a Virginia Democrat, told The Associated Press (AP) on Monday that he was open to more sanctions. But Warner, too, stressed that the United States needs to maintain the relationship with Saudi Arabia.
“This is a dangerous neighborhood. And the Saudis are critical in terms of keeping pressure on Iran,” Warner said.
Rights groups and the few Saudi dissidents in exile who still dare to speak say the United States is making a mistake. They say MBS's actions in his first five years in power show he’s not bound by international norms or diplomatic persuasion. Waiving penalties on MBS now also sends a signal to Saudis on the succession, when Salman dies, they say.
Forgoing punishment in such a brutal killing, of an internationally known journalist, sends a message of impunity for future slayings, not just for the prince but for all authoritarian governments, said Sarah Leah Whitson, leader of Democracy for the Arab World Now, a rights group Khashoggi founded not long before his death.
The Biden administration “basically sent the message that if you’re at the top, you’re safe, and business will continue as usual, as long as we agree on some low-level officials to throw under the bus,” Whitson said.
The U.N. special rapporteur on extrajudicial killings who investigated the murder of Khashoggi called on the U.S. to sanction MBS.
Agnes Callamard said Monday it was a "source of disappointment" that the new administration released a declassified report on the 2018 killing that laid blame on the crown prince but then failed to sanction him.
"So far the government of the United States has not announced any actions to build on their findings of a liability and responsibility on the part of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman," Callamard said at a press briefing. "It is extremely, in my view, problematic, if not dangerous, to acknowledge someone's culpability and then tell that person but we won't do anything, proceed as if we have said nothing," he added according to release in quotes carried by the Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA).
By not sanctioning the man considered the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia, the U.N. expert said Washington was not standing up for human rights and press freedom.
Meanwhile, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said Tuesday that it had filed a criminal case in a German court against MBS for "crimes against humanity" in the murder of Khashoggi.
The complaint, which seeks an inquiry by prosecutors under Germany's international jurisdiction laws, accuses Saudi Arabia of persecuting Washington Post columnist as well as dozens of other journalists.
