Eleven years after the toppling of dictator Moammar Gadhafi, Libya’s transition process still grinds on as Libyans find themselves with two prime ministers, a situation threatening to spark a new power struggle in the war-torn nation.
Just weeks after national elections planned for Dec. 24 were indefinitely postponed, the east-based parliament voted to appoint influential former interior minister Fathi Bashagha to replace the interim unity government.
Incumbent Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, appointed as part of a United Nations-driven peace process, has insisted he will only hand over power to an elected government.
The resulting showdown has sparked fears of another conflict – not between east and west, but within Tripoli itself.
As the anniversary approached, the streets of the capital were lined with the red, black and green flags adopted after Gadhafi's fall.
Concerts and fireworks are planned for Friday – a day late due to bad weather – in Tripoli's Martyrs' Square, where Gadhafi once gave a famous, desperate speech before the "Feb. 17 revolution" swept him from power.
The political void that followed the NATO-backed uprising sparked a bitter power struggle, fueled by regional and tribal rivalries, as well as the involvement of outside groups.
And despite the country's vast oil wealth – the biggest proven reserves in Africa – many Libyans are living in poverty.
"The situation even got worse," Ihad Doghman, 26, told Agence-France Presse (AFP).
A civil servant by day and a grocer by night, he holds down two jobs, like many of his compatriots, as "it's the only way to get by."
Since Gadhafi's fall, Libya has had no fewer than nine governments and two full-scale civil wars – but has yet to organize a presidential election.
Following the parliament's latest move, pro-Bashagha armed groups in Misrata – both his and Dbeibah's hometown – converged on Tripoli in a show of force.
The uptick in tensions could threaten what has been a long period of relative peace, since a landmark cease-fire in October 2020 with the support of Turkey formally ended eastern putschist Gen. Khalifa Haftar's ruinous year-long bid to seize the capital.
That laid the way for U.N.-led peace efforts that saw Dbeibah appointed, a year ago this month, at the head of a new unity government with a mandate to lead the country to Dec. 24 elections.
But bitter wrangling over the legal basis of the polls and the presence of divisive candidates – including Dbeibah as well as Bashagha – led to them being indefinitely postponed.
Despite the failures, Libya expert Jalel Harchaoui said the country had seen progress on many fronts.
"Libya hasn't seen a major exchange of fire since June 2020," he said.
"Among the elites, many mortal enemies two years ago are talking to each other and in some cases making alliances. That represents the start of a reconciliation."
In December, just days before the elections, Bashagha had headed to Benghazi to meet Haftar – another controversial presidential candidate – in what he said was a gesture of national reconciliation.
Haftar's forces have since backed Bashagha's appointment as prime minister.
And now that he has won the backing of the Tripoli-based High State Council, a body that has often opposed the east-based parliament, Bashagha has until Feb. 24 to form a government.
Given the country's tumultuous recent history, the next question will be whether Dbeibah will go peacefully.
