Research indicates that energy drinks are associated with insomnia and sleep disturbances in young individuals. Experts discovered that young people aged 18 to 35 who consumed these drinks daily experienced approximately 30 minutes less sleep compared to those who consumed them occasionally or abstained altogether.
Among men, having two or three drinks a week meant they were 35% more likely to have a bedtime after midnight, 52% more likely to sleep less than six hours, and 60% more likely to wake in the night than those who did not or rarely drank them.
For women, they were 20% more likely to have a bedtime after midnight, 58% more likely to sleep less than six hours, and 24% more likely to wake in the night.
Energy drinks often contain high levels of caffeine and sugar and are marketed as providing people with an energy boost. However, their links to anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts have prompted calls for a ban on the sale of energy drinks to young people and children. The latest study, published in BMJ Open and based on 53,266 Norwegian students, found that drinks are popular with young people.
Students in the study were asked how often they drank energy drinks, with responses including daily, weekly, once a week, two to three times a week, four to six times a week, one to three times a month and seldom/never.
They were also asked detailed questions about their sleep patterns, such as when they went to bed and got up, how long it took them to fall asleep, and if they woke in the night.
Insomnia was defined as problems falling and staying asleep and waking early on at least three nights a week, plus daytime sleepiness and tiredness for at least three days of the week, for at least three months.
Overall, half of the women in the study said they never consumed energy drinks, while the figure was 40% for men. Of those who did drink them, 5.5% of women said they drank them four to six times a week, and just over 3% drank them every day. In men, 8% drank them four to six times a week, and 5% drank them every day.
The results showed that people consuming the drinks daily had more issues overall with waking after falling asleep took longer to fall asleep, and slept less overall than those not drinking them.
The study also found that the more people drank, the less sleep they had. For women drinking energy drinks daily, 51% reported suffering from insomnia, compared with 33% of women who drank the drinks occasionally or never.
Meanwhile, in men, 37% of daily drinkers suffered insomnia, compared with 22% of those who rarely or never had the drinks. Men who were daily drinkers were more than twice as likely to say they slept fewer than six hours a night as infrequent drinkers, while women were 87% more likely to do so.
But even students having one to three energy drinks a month had bigger sleep issues than those who never touched them, the study suggested.
The researchers warned they had not established that energy drinks cause these effects and acknowledged that reverse causality, whereby energy drink consumption might be a consequence of poor sleep rather than the other way round, might explain the link.
However, they said: "The results from the current study show that there is a robust association between the frequency of energy drink consumption and the different sleep parameters." The experts were drawn from across Norway, including the Universities of Bergen and Oslo.