A few hours from Seattle at a location that can only be reached by boat, marine scientists at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor lab are breeding and studying endangered sunflower sea stars following a massive die-off over the past decade.

These creatures, once plentiful along the Pacific coastline from Mexico's Baja California peninsula to Alaska have been decimated. Approximately 90% of them have disappeared since 2013 due to a mysterious sea star wasting syndrome that may have been caused by climate change and the warming ocean temperatures.

"There's some indication that disease might have been related to some warmer waters around that time," said Friday Harbor Marine Lab Senior Research Scientist Jason Hodin, explaining the mysterious coincidence behind the death of sea stars from the disease and the prospect that climate change may have played a role.

The lab located on San Juan Island currently plays host to 109 one-year-olds, 23 two-year-olds, 12 three-year-olds, and approximately 5,000 larvae sunflower sea stars in total that have been bred in captivity.

The scientists have also brought 16 adult sunflower sea stars from the wild into their lab, but it's more difficult to discern their age. "We are now running the world's only captive breeding program for the world's only endangered sea star," said Hodin, who has been at the helm of the program since its inception in 2019 and hopes to someday release them into the wild.

The university and grant-funded field station in the northern waters of Puget Sound have undertaken the new study in collaboration with the college's neuroscience department, to determine if echinoderms are being affected by warming waters.

The University of Washington neuroscience graduate student William Weertman, who previously worked with octopi, has been working with the baby sea stars.

While Weertman studies the sea stars' behavior, he uses four cameras to focus on the movements and the timing of how they move. He then uses the videos to create three-dimensional renderings of the stars that can be studied for the slightest of changes under different variables.

Studies so far with the juvenile and younger adult sea stars in the lab have provided some encouraging findings. Sunflower sea stars may be able to endure warmer waters.

"So that's a good thing. You know, if sunflower stars are going to recover in the wild with or without human assistance, they're going to be doing so in a change in climate," said Hodin.