Surrounded by fields of carrots and cabbages, workers are adding the latest touches ahead of the opening of a plant of Taiwanese chip giant TSMC, planned for Saturday, a milestone for both U.S. ally Japan and the firm.
The $8.6 billion facility in the southern Kumamoto region showcases efforts of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to make some of its strategically crucial chips elsewhere than hot spot Taiwan, as well as Japan's push to revive its once-dominant semiconductor sector.
The self-ruled island is a silicon superpower, but worries have grown about the global chip supply chain because of growing military and diplomatic pressure from China, which claims Taiwan.
The plant is "the most significant TSMC international investment to open in many years," said Chris Miller, Tufts University associate professor and author of "Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology."
"It will also solidify the political relationship between Taiwan and Japan at a time when Taiwan is looking to make sure it's got powerful friends that can help it stand up to Chinese pressure," Miller told Agence France-Presse (AFP).
Firms like Toshiba and NEC helped Japan dominate in microchips in the 1980s, but competition from South Korea and Taiwan saw its global market share slump from over 50% to around 10%.
Now the government wants to bring back the glory days and is making available up to 4 trillion yen ($26.7 billion) in subsidies to help triple the sales of domestically produced chips to more than 15 trillion yen by 2030.
The new TSMC plant in the town of Kikuyo, for which the government pledged over 40% of the costs – Sony and Denso are also on board – is just the first.
With "strong" Japanese government support, TSMC this month announced a second, $20-billion facility – for more advanced chips – and is reportedly eyeing a third and even a fourth plant.
Others getting state funds include Kioxia, Micron and Rapidus, a joint venture involving IBM and Japanese firms for state-of-the-art 2-nanometre logic chips.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company – which counts Apple and Nvidia as clients – produces half the world's chips, used in everything from smartphones to cars and missiles.
However, concerns about China's intentions for Taiwan have intensified in recent years.
TSMC's customers – and governments concerned about critical supplies – have called for the firm to make more chips off the island.
The company is building a second factory in the U.S. state of Arizona and plans another in Germany – its first in Europe.
But Japan has the advantage of being geographically closer, has a wealth of experience in the sector and, for the Kumamoto plant at least, which took 22 months to build, is fast.
"I have seen many factories being built by various companies, but TSMC was built with remarkable speed," Taro Imamura, a local official in Kikuyo, told AFP.
By contrast, in the U.S., which has announced subsidies of $52.7 billion to boost its own sector, the Arizona plant has been delayed and has seen disputes with unions.
"Everyone in town, from children to the elderly, now knows the words 'chips' and 'TSMC,'" Imamura said at Kikuyo's town hall, where a banner reads, "We welcome TSMC workers."
Regional lender Kyushu Financial Group estimates the economic impact of the plant will be 6.9 trillion yen in Kumamoto in the next decade.
Kyushu, of which Kumamoto is a part, has been known as "Silicon Island" since the 1960s and is home to more than one-third of Japan's semiconductor companies.
But as with other sectors in aging Japan, there are worries about finding enough workers, particularly with local students either leaving or preferring other areas than chips.
Students are "more interested in software," said Kenichiro Takakura, associate professor at the National Institute of Technology's Kumamoto College.
Another professor, Kazuyuki Nakamura, at the Kyushu Institute of Technology, said students also see the highly cyclical chip industry as high-risk.
"The industry looked glorious back in my days ... but it became less popular along with Japan's decline," said the former NEC employee, who runs four-day clean room training for semiconductor workers.
One of Nakamura's students, Keita Oda who plans to pursue a master's degree in semiconductor research, is keen at least.
"Chips are a big part of everyday life," the 22-year-old said. "So I want to work on the industry's front line."
