Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) cemented a $10 billion deal for a refining and petrochemical complex in China on Friday, meeting Chinese President Xi Jinping who urged joint efforts to counter extremism and terrorism.
The Saudi delegation, including top executives from state-owned oil company Saudi Aramco, arrived on Thursday on an Asia tour that has already seen the kingdom pledge an investment of $20 billion in Pakistan and seek to make additional investments in India's refining industry.
Saudi Arabia signed 35 economic cooperation agreements with China worth a total of $28 billion at a joint investment forum during the visit, the Saudi state news agency SPA said.
"China is a good friend and partner to Saudi Arabia," Xi told the crown prince in front of reporters.
"The special nature of our bilateral relationship reflects the efforts you have made," added Xi, who has made stepping up China's presence in the Middle East a key foreign policy objective, despite its traditional low-key role there.
The crown prince said Saudi Arabia's relations with China dated back "a very long time in the past."
"In the hundreds, even thousands, of years, the interactions between the sides have been friendly. Over such a long period of exchanges with China, we have never experienced any problems with China," he said.
MBS, who has come under fire in the West following the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the kingdom's Istanbul consulate in October, said Saudi Arabia saw great opportunities with China.
"The Silk Road initiative and China's strategic orientation are very much in line with the kingdom's Vision 2030," he said according to SPA, referring to Saudi Arabia's sweeping economic reform program.
Trade between the countries increased by 32% last year, he said. Saudi Arabia also said it was working to add Chinese to the curriculum in Saudi schools and universities.
"The introduction of Chinese to the curriculum is an important step toward the opening of new horizons for students," the government said in a statement.
China has had to step carefully in relations with Riyadh, since Beijing also has close ties with Saudi Arabia's regional foe, Iran.
China is also wary of criticism from Muslim countries about its camps in the heavily Muslim far-western region of Xinjiang, which the government says are for de-radicalization purposes and rights groups call internment camps.
Xi told the crown prince the two countries must strengthen international cooperation on de-radicalization to "prevent the infiltration and spread of extremist thinking," Chinese state television said.
Saudi Arabia respected and supported China's right to protect its own security and take counterterrorism and de-radicalization steps, the crown prince told Xi, according to the same report, and was willing to increase cooperation.
Meeting the crown prince earlier on Friday, Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng said the two countries should enhance exchanges on their experiences in de-radicalization, China's official Xinhua news agency said in a separate report.
Chinese state media made no direct mention of Xinjiang in their stories on the crown prince's meetings.
Deals signed
Aramco agreed to form a joint venture with Chinese defense conglomerate Norinco to develop a refining and petrochemical complex in the northeastern Chinese city of Panjin, saying the project was worth more than $10 billion.
The partners would form a company called Huajin Aramco Petrochemical Co. as part of a project that would include a 300,000 barrel per day (bpd) refinery with a 1.5 million metric tons per year ethylene cracker, Aramco said.
Aramco will supply up to 70% of the crude feedstock for the complex, which is expected to start operations in 2024.
The investments could help Saudi Arabia regain its place as the top oil exporter to China, a position Russia has held for the last three years. Saudi Aramco is set to boost its market share by signing supply deals with nonstate Chinese refiners.
Aramco also signed an agreement to buy a 9% stake in Zhejiang Petrochemical, Saudi state news agency SPA said. This formalized a previously announced plan to gain a stake in a 400,000 bpd refinery and petrochemicals complex in Zhoushan, south of Shanghai.
China sees "enormous potential" in Saudi Arabia's economy and wants more high-tech cooperation, State Councillor Wang Yi, the Chinese government's top diplomat, said Thursday.
But China was not seeking to play politics in the Middle East, the widely read state-run tabloid, the Global Times, said in an editorial.
"China won't be a geopolitical player in the Middle East. It has no enemies and can cooperate with all countries in the region," said the paper, published by the ruling Communist Party's official People's Daily.
"China's increasing influence in the Middle East comes from pure friendly cooperation. Such a partnership will be welcomed by more countries in the Middle East."