Pope Francis held Mass and urged migrant workers to be paid "fairly" as he visited the affluent city-state of Singapore on Thursday on the last stop of his long Asia-Pacific tour.
The 87-year-old pontiff said "special attention" should be paid to "protecting the dignity of migrant workers" in an address to political leaders and dignitaries.
"These workers contribute greatly to society and should be guaranteed a fair wage," he said.
There are an estimated 170 million migrant workers around the world. Most live in the Americas or Europe-Central Asia.
Cheap labor has been instrumental in the rapid growth of gleaming metropolises such as Dubai, Doha and Singapore – the fourth stop on the pope's Asia tour.
About 300,000 low-wage migrant workers are estimated to work in Singapore. Many flock from South Asia and the Philippines, which has a large and devout Catholic majority.
Advocates say they are often exploited and endure poor living conditions, including forced dormitory lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"I'm so happy that the pope has chosen to speak on this topic," a 34-year-old Filipina domestic helper told Agence France-Presse (AFP), asking not to be identified because she did not have permission from her employer.
"Even if they don't raise my salary, I'm still happy to know that the pope is fighting and praying for us," she said.
The woman said she earned $460 a month in a nation where, according to Ministry for Manpower statistics, the median gross income is $3,985.
The pope did not refer to workers in Singapore explicitly. However, his comments are likely to cause unease for a government that denies widespread abuse and is fiercely protective of its image.
A spokesperson for the manpower ministry said conditions for workers in Singapore had improved over the years through contract enforcement and other measures.
"Wages in Singapore are determined by the free market and we do not prescribe minimum wages for workers in Singapore, whether local or foreign," the spokesperson told AFP.
The Argentine pope was otherwise glowing about his hosts, praising the "entrepreneurial spirit" and dynamism that built a "mass of ultra-modern skyscrapers that seem to rise from the sea."
"Singapore is a mosaic of ethnicities, cultures and religions living together in harmony," he said, painting the population of almost 6 million as a shining light for the world.
"I encourage you to continue to work in favor of the unity and fraternity of humanity and the common good of all peoples and all nations," he said.
About 30% of Singaporeans are Buddhist, 20% have no religion and the rest are a mix of Catholic, Protestant, Taoist and Hindu.
Singapore is the last stop on the pope's 12-day Asia-Pacific trip to boost the Catholic Church's standing in the world's most populous region.
Francis has defied doubts about his health during a journey that has taken him from Jakarta's grand mosque to a remote jungle in Papua New Guinea.
He has carried out dozens of public engagements, energized congregations and sat for hours in the brutal tropical heat despite recently undergoing hernia surgery and dealing with a string of respiratory issues.
In East Timor, he held a mass for 600,000 faithful – almost half the population.
Although the crowds were markedly smaller in Singapore, groups of enthusiasts still lined the streets, trying to glimpse the one they call the "Holy Father."
An estimated 50,000 people attended a mass in Singapore's national stadium on Thursday evening.
"Francis has this special ability to connect with the people, to touch people," said Eveena Job, 21, who was born in India but lives in Singapore with her family.
Others did not make it into the stadium and instead sat outside on benches and picnic blankets, watching mass on electronic devices or listening to the faint noise from inside the arena.
Genevieve Kamali, a 53-year-old Fijian, missed out on tickets and huddled outside with eight family members. But she was not too disappointed.
"The Holy Father is just a few meters away," she told AFP. "Faith is about not seeing but believing."
