India plans to overhaul more than 200 state-run firms to make them more profitable, signaling a departure from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's aggressive privatization program that has struggled to take off, government sources said.
The program to privatize a major portion of India's lumbering $600 billion state sector announced in 2021, had slowed ahead of the general election in April-May and now faces more resistance after Modi lost his majority in parliament and had to rely on coalition allies to return to office.
Expected to be unveiled as part of the annual budget on July 23 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, the new plans include selling large parcels of underutilized land owned by these companies and monetization of other assets, said two officials who are aware of the policy. Some aspects are yet to be fine-tuned, they added.
The aim is to raise $24 billion in the current April-March fiscal year and reinvest the funds in the companies, while setting five-year performance and production targets for each company, instead of short-term targets.
The plans to overhaul state firms have not been reported previously.
The officials declined to be identified as they were not authorized to speak on confidential deliberations.
The finance ministry did not respond to requests for comment.
In an interim budget presented before the election, the government did not provide any figures on stake sales for the first time in more than a decade.
"The government is shifting focus from indiscriminate asset sales to enhancing the intrinsic value of state-owned companies," said one of the officials.
Among other plans, the government intends to introduce succession planning in majority-owned companies alongside a proposal to train 230,000 managers across firms to prepare them for senior roles, the officials said.
Currently, the government appoints top executives in state-owned companies.
The government is likely to implement a plan that includes training of managers, professional recruitment to company boards and incentives for high performance from the 2025/26 fiscal year, with the expectation that increased autonomy would make companies more competitive.
The 2021 announcement to sell most state-run companies included two banks, one insurance company and firms in steel, energy and pharmaceutical sectors besides the closure of loss-making companies.
But India has been able to only complete the sale of debt-ridden Air India to the Tata Group while rolling back plans to sell some others. Only a 3.5% stake in LIC has been sold besides shares in few other companies.
Hardeep Puri, India's oil minister, said last week a plan to sell state-owned Bharat Petroleum Corp was no longer on the table as the company was making almost as much profit in a year as the price it was to be sold for.
Sunil Sinha, chief economist at India Ratings, the local arm of Fitch ratings agency, said the sale of government companies, marred by allegations of "selling the family silver" at a cheaper price, would be difficult to push after Modi's reduced majority in parliament.
"This (privatization) can actually snowball into a political slugfest...recouping it may become very difficult and they may have to pay a political price for it."
Despite hurdles in privatization and stake sales, the overall market valuation of state-run firms has more than doubled in the past one year on hopes of reforms in the sector.
The BSE PSU index, which tracks state-owned companies, has surged over 100% in the last year, outperforming the benchmark BSE Index's 22% rise.
"We find the valuations of many PSU stocks to be quite bizarre, when compared with their fundamentals," Sanjeev Prasad of Kotak Institutional Equities said in a note.
"Some of these companies will require extraordinary assumptions and a massive turnaround in their operations (and financials) to justify their current market caps."
But the government views the market's response as a mark of investor confidence, said a senior official at the NMDC, India's state-run iron ore company.
Looking ahead, the government expects its reforms would translate into higher profits and, subsequently, increased returns for the state, the official said.
State firms were expected to pay substantially higher dividends to the government, compared to earlier estimates of 480 billion rupees ($5.8 billion) in 2024/25, said the second government source.
Analysts however said India risked missing the opportunity to cash in on the booming valuations of state companies.
The government could raise about 11.5 trillion rupees ($137.75 billion) at current market capitalization by selling minority stakes in state-owned companies while maintaining a 51% stake, CareEdge Ratings said in a note last week.
"The conclusion of the election season, combined with the stock market hovering around all-time highs, provides a perfect opportunity to advance some significant divestment initiatives," said Rajani Sinha, chief economist of CareEdge Ratings.
