Lina al-Khalil, a pharmacist from Beirut, has fled her home in the city's south to escape escalating Israeli attacks but she still returns daily to the bombarded area to try to keep the family business running.

"It's more important than my house," al-Khalil, in her 50s, said of the business she inherited from her father in Haret Hreik, a southern suburb of the Lebanese capital where Iran-backed Hezbollah holds sway.

Whenever the Israeli military issues a warning to evacuate before a strike – a near-daily occurrence for nearly two months – she closes down the shop and rushes out.

Despite the ever-present fear and the steep decline in business activity, al-Khalil does what she can to keep her business afloat, like many other shopkeepers in Beirut's southern suburbs.

The vast majority of the area's estimated 600,000-800,000 residents have fled, seeking refuge elsewhere.

"With the drop in customers, the financial impact has been severe," al-Khalil told Agence France-Presse (AFP), adding that she has had to halve the salaries of her employees due to the pinch.

Al-Khalil has moved most of the pharmacy's stock to her second home in the mountains for safekeeping.

To serve the few customers she still has, she drives up to collect the medicine they need, and even delivers it to their homes when they can't reach the pharmacy.

Some areas of south Beirut have been devastated by strikes since Israel intensified its campaign against Hezbollah on Sept. 23, after nearly a year of limited cross-border clashes over the Gaza war.

'Hide-and-seek'

South Beirut grocer Mehdi Zeitar, in his 50s, has had to find a place to live after an Israeli strike destroyed his home.

For the time being, his vegetable stall has survived, but "all the surrounding buildings have been damaged," he said.

"We're playing hide-and-seek," Zeitar added bitterly, referring to Israeli attacks.

"We leave by car until the strikes are over, then we go home."

He comes in for two or three hours a day to run his shop, saying he has no other option to support his family.

But he told AFP that he spends much of his time waiting for customers, who never come.

"We are truly unemployed."

In a recent report, the World Bank estimated that the Lebanese commercial sector incurred losses of $1.7 billion over 12 months of conflict, on top of billions more in losses to the economy and material damage.

Lebanon had already been reeling since 2019 from an intense economic crisis that pushed most of the population into poverty.

According to the World Bank report, around 11% of establishments in the conflict zones have been damaged, particularly in the southern areas of Tyre, Sidon and Nabatiyeh, where Israel's military campaign has targeted Hezbollah strongholds.

It said that the "displacement of both employees and business owners from conflict-affected areas" has led to a near-complete halt in business activity as well as "disruptions to supply chains to and from conflict districts."

Many consumers now buy only essentials, the report said.

Uncertain future

When the war began in late September, Ali Mahdi and his brother shuttered their clothing stores and warehouse in Beirut's southern suburbs as well as in Tyre and Nabatiyeh, taking some of their merchandise with them.

They set up shop in several locations including Beirut's Hamra district, at a distance from the majority of the strikes.

But they still face many challenges there.

"There's the rise in rents, and the fears of residents in certain areas when it comes to renting to displaced residents from the southern suburbs and villages," said Mahdi, who is in his 30s.

With their future shrouded in uncertainty, "we're trying to clear our stocks," he said.

"We don't know whether to import new products or save our cash."

Mahdi added that he had to make some of his 70 employees redundant and dock pay from the rest.

In the southern suburbs, an Israeli strike turned the cafe Abdel Rahman Zahr el-Din had opened five years ago into a pile of rubble.

He said he must salvage what he can, now that he has lost his only way to make ends meet.

"There's nothing left but stones," he said as he inspected the upper floor, emerging with a small table in his hand, unharmed but covered in gray dust.