The Bank of England (BoE) Thursday held interest rates steady, snapping 14 consecutive hikes following a surprising slowdown to U.K. inflation and one day after the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) also hit pause.

The BoE's monetary policy committee decided in a tight 5-4 vote to maintain its key rate at 5.25%, the highest level in over 15 years.

It cautioned that the rates outlook hinged on inflation staying elevated, echoing the views of its U.S. and European peers.

U.K. policymakers had been tipped to raise borrowing costs again heading into this week's gathering – until shock official data Wednesday on consumer prices clouded the picture.

Thursday's decision comes toward the end of a busy week for global central banks, which have carried out numerous rate hikes to tame inflation that surged following Russia's invasion of Ukraine last year.

'Finely balanced'

"The decision on whether to increase or to maintain Bank Rate at this meeting had become more finely balanced," read minutes from the meeting.

"Further tightening in monetary policy would be required if there were evidence of more persistent inflationary pressures," they added.

Five policymakers, including Governor Andrew Bailey, voted not to hike for the first time since December 2021.

A minority of four urged a quarter-point hike "to address the risks of more deeply embedded inflation persistence."

The Fed on Wednesday held rates but indicated another hike was likely this year should inflation remain high. It also hinted that there would be fewer cuts than anticipated in 2024.

Also Thursday, Sweden's Riksbank and Norway's Norges Bank each raised their key interest rates by a quarter-point.

But the Swiss National Bank unexpectedly left its rate unchanged, confounding expectations for an increase.

All three said more rate increases may be necessary if inflation remains too high.

Shock data

In Britain, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) slowed to 6.7% in August from 6.8% in July, data revealed on the eve of the BoE rate freeze.

That was the lowest inflation figure since February 2022 and confounded expectations for an acceleration to 7.1% on higher energy prices.

Central banks have tightened borrowing costs to multi-year highs in the wake of surging energy and food prices.

The European Central Bank (ECB) has carried out ten straight rises, including a quarter-point hike last week, but is now signaling that eurozone borrowing costs may have reached a peak.

It comes as data this week showed eurozone inflation slowed slightly in August.

Cost-of-living crisis

In a bid to cool prices, the BoE began lifting its key interest rate from a record low of 0.1% at the end of 2021, when inflation started to creep higher as economies slowly emerged from lockdowns.

Nevertheless, U.K. inflation subsequently struck a 41-year peak at 11.1% in October 2022, while the BoE is tasked by the British government with keeping the level at about two percent.

The country has since been blighted by disruptive strikes, notably by rail and health workers, as salaries fail to keep up with the surging cost of living.

The rate increases have also worsened a cost-of-living crisis, with retail banks following suit by significantly hiking mortgage rates.

Landlords, faced with higher repayments, have, in turn, pushed up rents by sizeable amounts.

At the same time, banks are offering higher returns on savings for those who can afford to set money aside.

In response to Thursday's decision, XTB analyst Walid Koudmani warned rates may not have peaked if inflation accelerates.

"The key message today is that rates are at their peak or close to it," Koudmani said.

"But with current data, it could be a dangerous signal to send the markets since if inflation keeps running hot, the BoE will need to hike once more."