Small and medium sized Turkish enterprises cover more than half of all economic activity, says a report released by the Turkish Statistics Institute
According to "Foreign Trade Statistics according to Enterprise Properties" from the Turkish Statistics Institute (TurkStat), last year 59.2 percent of exports and 39.9 percent of imports were realized by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).
Data obtained through foreign trade statistics and business records reveal that in 2013, 59,593 enterprises exported and 65,591 enterprises imported goods. While the share of micro-scaled enterprises with one to nine staff members in exports was around 17.8 percent, small-scaled enterprises with 10 to 49 staff members accounted for 24.1 percent of the exports, and medium-scaled enterprises with 50 to 249 staff members accounted for 17.3 percent.
The share of large enterprises with over 250 staff members in exports was around 40.7 percent. For imports, the share of microscaled enterprises with 1 to 9 staff members was around 5.7 percent. Small-scaled enterprises with 10 to 49 staff members accounted for 16.3 percent, and medium-scaled enterprises with 50 to 249 staff members accounted for 17.9 percent of imports last year, while the share of large enterprises with over 250 staff members in exports was around 60.1 percent.
The main scope of activity for 57 percent of enterprises engaging in exports and 51.6 percent engaging in imports were in the industry sector. The share of enterprises that engaged in trade was 39.2 percent in exports and 33.3 percent in imports. Exports in the industry sector carried out by large-scaled enterprises with more than 250 staff members reached 63.6 percent; 91.4 percent of exports in the trade sector were realized by SMEs with 1 to 250 members of staff, and 73 percent of the imports realized by the industry sector was by large-scaled enterprises with more than 250 staff members; 66.8 percent of imports in the trade sector was carried out by SMEs with 1 to 250 staff members.
Export of industrial enterprises to EU countries was at 46.5 percent; 18.4 percent to Near and Middle East countries; 63.7 percent of the export to EU countries was by industry and 34.3 percent was by enterprises in the trade sector. SMEs in the industry sector imported 39.4 percent of goods from EU countries, 18.3 percent from Asian countries and 13.7 percent from non-EU European countries.
SMEs in the trade sector imported 40.7 percent of goods from EU countries, 33.4 percent from Asian countries and 11.6 percent from non-EU European countries. The export of industrial products was realized again by enterprises that are in the industry sector at 58.3 percent, and 38.3 percent was carried out by enterprises in the trade sector. Industry sector enterprises exported 95.4 percent of manufacturing industry products and 2.2 percent of agriculture, forestry and fishery products.
The import of industrial products was carried out by 49.4 percent of enterprises in the industry sector; 39.6 percent by companies involved in trade and 11.1 percent by enterprises in other sectors; 74.8 percent of the imports of industrial enterprises were manufacturing industry products; 15.5 percent was mining industry products and 3.3 percent was agricultural, forestry and fishery products. Exports carried out by the top-100 enterprises were at 43.3 percent, with 50.5 percent by the top-50 enterprises.
Enterprises with the highest export figures accounted for 15.9 percent of the total exports, and enterprises with the highest import figures accounted for the 25.7 percent of imports. While 44.9 percent of the enterprises exported goods to only a single country, 16.3 percent performed exports to two countries; 4.3 percent of the enterprises exported their goods to more than 20 or more countries, and these enterprises accounted for 56.3 percent of the total exports.
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